What is the I Ching? It sounds familiar, but I am not sure. The I Ching, also known as the Yi Jing, is a ancient Chinese text. It’s name can be translated as the ‘Book of Changes’. Some scholars believe it’s original title was simply ‘Changes’ (Yi). The ‘Book’ (Jing) part was added during the Han period when Confucian scholars picked up the text and used it as a tool to teach morality.
The original text was one part of three. All three texts were considered to be divination texts. The texts should be interpreted as oracles. Diviners would consult these texts, as if consulting old oracle bones or shells as they had previously.
The book was divided into two sections, the latter of which was supposedly added to the first during compilations of editors. The first section is the text (Ben Jing) and it contains the oracles. The second part of the text are called Zhuan, the commentaries, of which there are ten.
Here comes the interesting part …
The Ben Jing is divided into 64 figures or Gua, what is called a hexagram by westerners. Each Gua has 6 lines. Each of these lines is then considered to be broken or unbroken. An unbroken line signifies Yang and a broken line signifies Yin. Each hexagram is composed of two set of three lines, each of which is called a trigram.
Here is one interpretation of each of the eight trigrams:
- Qian = Heaven
- Kun = Earth
- Li = Fire
- Kan = Water
- Xun = Wind
- Zhen = Thunder
- Gen = Mountain
- Dui = Marsh / Lake
So if you are like me, then your binary math radar is screaming.
Yin v. Yang, unbroken v. broken can also be a 0 or a 1. So then a trigram is a combination of 3 broken and unbroken lines.
23 = 8.
The same number of trigrams listed above. Next, a hexagram is composed of 2 trigrams.
23 + 23 = 26 = 64
Thus, we have all of our 64 Gua. Quite interesting. This is a pretty simple analysis of the Yi Jing with binary math. The next step is to consider binary operations on such values. I hope to research this topic and it’s progression throughout history in my paper for this class. I will post more when I do that research.
Some interesting notes about the trigrams and hexagrams is their other usages that we may not necessarily know immediately. Has any seen the South Korean flag lately?
There are four trigrams on the flag. Starting from the uppper left we have Heaven, Water, Earth and Fire.
Another interesting appearance of the I Ching hexagrams is Dead Prez. This activist hip hop group use the ‘Army’ hexagram (::::|:) as their symbol. This is a combination of Kan + Kun (Water + Earth). Note: hexagrams are read from the bottom up.
I hope you guys found this as interesting as I did. I always enjoy finding relations between what I enjoy and what I study. Sources for this include wikipedia’s article on the Yi Jing, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yi_Jing and my professor’s coursepack, “Chinese 461 Autumn Quarter 2005 Pre-Qin Literature” by David R. Knechtges.